Lesya (Lyudmyla) Dychko. Biography

Leading choral composer, public figure, winner of the Shevchenko National Prize (1989)
Lesya Dychko was born to an educated family in Kyiv on October 24, 1939 and was involved in music from a very young age. She attended the eight-year music school No.2 and continued her studies at the Kyiv Lysenko State Music Lyceum. She completed her first major work – a concerto for piano and orchestra before the end of her studies at the lyceum, which reflects her exceptional talent and efficiency.

 In 1964, Dychko graduated from the Kyiv Conservatory (now National Music Academy of Ukraine), where she studied under Kostyantyn Dankevych and Borys Lyatoshynskyi. She continued her postgraduate studies at the Kyiv Conservatory (Borys Lyatoshynskyi) and at the Moscow Conservatory.

After completing her studies, she taught music history, theoretical disciplines, and composition at the Kyiv Art Institute and the National Music Academy of Ukraine, where she continues to work as a professor to this day. Her artistic work is extensive and diverse in genres and stylistic preferences, with overarching themes rooted in national history, folklore rituals, and a penchant for grand forms and choral composition.

Lesya Dyshko's early works are influenced by the stylistic "new folklore wave," including cantatas such as "Chervona Kalyna," "Carpathian," and "Seasons" based on Ukrainian ancient songs, as well as piano compositions like "Ukrainian Pysanky." Later, the folk foundation takes on a monumental allegorical interpretation in the oratorio “I narekosha imya Kyiv” (And Named It Kyiv) for choir, soloists, and orchestra, a cantata for a male choir “U Kyievi Zori” (In Kyiv Stars) and operas like "Zolotoslov" and "Vertep."

She explores coloristic and impressionistic hues in her "wandering" choral concerts, which she aptly names "frescoes" – "Spanish," "French," and "Swiss." The symbolism of dance is revealed in ballets like "Metamorphoses," "Dawn Fires," and "Kateryna Bilokur." A significant part of her work is dedicated to music for children's choirs, including cantatas like "Four Seasons" based on folk lyrics, "Sun Circle," and "Spring."

Notably, Lesya Dyshko delves into the realm of spiritual music, particularly in her three Liturgies that harmoniously blend Ukrainian baroque partes song tradition, canonical Orthodox Service, and a modern compositional style.

Her music is performed by the finest choral ensembles in Ukraine, regularly featured at festivals, state ceremonies, and in the programs of music academies and philharmonics.
Translated by Taras Demko
Text created by Galician Music Society experts: Lyubov Kiyanovska, Teresa Mazepa, Natalia Syrotynska

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Леся Дичко. Біографія

Леся (Людмила) Дичко (1939) – видатна українська композиторка, культурна діячка, професорка. Лауреатка численних державних нагород, серед яких Національна премія України імені Тараса Шевченка. Член-кореспондент Національної академії мистецтв України.
   
Леся Дичко народилася 1939 року в інтелігентній родині. Музикою займалась з дитинства. Після закінчення музичної школи № 2 продовжила навчання в Київській середній спеціалізованій музичній школі-інтернаті імені Миколи Лисенка на теоретичному відділі. Уже тоді Леся проявила композиторський талант, зокрема написала Концерт для фортепіано з оркестром.

З 1958 року Леся Дичко навчалася на композиторському факультеті Київської державної консерваторії (тепер Національна музична академія України) спочатку у Костянтина Данькевича, пізніше у Бориса Лятошинського, потім – в аспірантурі Київської та Московської консерваторій.

Після закінчення студій викладала історію музики, теоретичні дисципліни та композицію в Київському художньому інституті та у Національній музичній академії України, в якій працює і до сьогодні на посаді професора.

Її творчий доробок вельми об’ємний і різноплановий за жанрами і стильовими уподобаннями, хоча наскрізними лініями залишаються національна історія і фольклорні обряди, а також прихильність до масштабних форм та хорового письма. Ранні твори Лесі Дичко витримані в стилістиці "нової фольклорної хвилі": це кантати "Червона калина", "Карпатська" і "Пори року" на слова українських старовинних пісень, фортепіанні "Українські писанки". Згодом фольклорна першооснова набуває монументального алегоричного прочитання в ораторії "І нарекоша ім’я Киев" для хору, солістів і оркестру, кантаті для чоловічого хору "У Києві зорі", операх-дійствах "Золотослов" і "Вертеп". Колористично-імпресіоністичні барви позначають "мандрівні" хорові концерти, яким Дичко дає назву "фрески" – "Іспанські", "Французькі", "Швейцарські". Символіка танцювальної пластики розкривається в балетах "Метаморфози", "Досвітні вогні" та "Катерина Білокур". Важливе місце в її доробку посідають твори для дитячих хорових колективів (кантати "Чотири пори року" на народні слова, "Сонячне коло", "Весна"). Окремо слід згадати про звернення композиторки до сфери духовної музики. Це насамперед три Літургії, в яких гармонійно поєднуються традиції українського барокового партесного концерту, канонічної православної Служби і модерної манери письма.

Твори Лесі Дичко виконують найкращі хорові колективи України, вони постійно звучать на фестивалях, державних урочистостях, в програмах музичних академій та філармоній.
Над текстом працювали експертки Галицького Музичного Товариства: Любов Кияновська, Тереса Мазепа, Наталія Сиротинська.
Література:
Гордійчук М. Леся Дичко. Київ: Музична Україна, 1978. 77 с.
Кияновська Л. Українська музична культура: навч. посіб. Львів, 2008. С. 254-260.

Bezborodko Oleg. Biography

Stefania Turkevych (1898-1977) was born in L’viv, one of the cultural epicenters of Galicia. During her lifetime, Galicia was part of the Austrian Empire, then Poland, then part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. This region bore the marks of Austrian, Hungarian, Lithuanian, Russian, and Polish influence and would soon witness the rise of the Soviet state. Turkevych’s father and grandfather were priests, and her mother was a pianist. Turkevych herself played piano, harp, and harmonium.1 Her prodigious talent led her to study in Vienna (1914-16; 1921-25), at the L’viv Conservatory (1918-19), and at the Prague Conservatory and the Ukrainian Free University in Prague (1930-34). Her early education was remarkably cosmopolitan.

Turkevych’s compositional language is unique.
Although one can hear the technical influence of Schoenberg and can detect certain expressionist tendencies, her music is generally quite lyrical, with occasional folk influence. This is typical of Turkevych’s style: she walks the line between tonality and expressionism—especially in her art songs—occasionally incorporating elements of pointillism and impressionism.
 
Turkevych displayed an early proclivity for composition. During her time at the L’viv Conservatory, she composed a series of liturgical works for the choir at St. George’s Cathedral, the mother church of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.6 Shortly after marrying the rising Ukrainian-German expressionist painter Robert Lisowski in 1925,7 Turkevych moved to Berlin and studied composition privately with Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1951) and Franz Shreker (1878-1934). Turkevych earned a PhD in Musicology from the Ukrainian Free University in Prague in 1934, becoming the first woman from Galicia to receive a doctorate. Her boldly nationalistic dissertation was entitled “Ukrainian Folklore in Russian Operas.” She is now considered Ukraine’s first female composer.8 Immediately after receiving her PhD, Turkevych returned to L’viv, where she taught at the L’viv National Music Academy (sometimes called the L’viv Conservatory). She maintained this position until 1939, when she began working as a coach and accompanist at the L’viv National Opera alongside her sister, Irina Martynec (an opera singer). It was here that the two sisters met prima ballerina Daria NyzankiwskaSnihurowycz, who would become an important co-collaborator both in Ukraine and on Canadian soil more than 30 years later (for the premiere of Turkevych’s 1969 operaballet, Серце Оксани).
Turkevych displayed an early proclivity for composition. During her time at the L’viv Conservatory, she composed a series of liturgical works for the choir at St. George’s Cathedral, the mother church of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.6 Shortly after marrying the rising Ukrainian-German expressionist painter Robert Lisowski in 1925,7 Turkevych moved to Berlin and studied composition privately with Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1951) and Franz Shreker (1878-1934). Turkevych earned a PhD in Musicology from the Ukrainian Free University in Prague in 1934, becoming the first woman from Galicia to receive a doctorate. Her boldly nationalistic dissertation was entitled “Ukrainian Folklore in Russian Operas.” She is now considered Ukraine’s first female composer.8 Immediately after receiving her PhD, Turkevych returned to L’viv, where she taught at the L’viv National Music Academy (sometimes called the L’viv Conservatory). She maintained this position until 1939, when she began working as a coach and accompanist at the L’viv National Opera alongside her sister, Irina Martynec (an opera singer). It was here that the two sisters met prima ballerina Daria NyzankiwskaSnihurowycz, who would become an important co-collaborator both in Ukraine and on Canadian soil more than 30 years later (for the premiere of Turkevych’s 1969 operaballet, Серце Оксани).